What Is a US DOT Number and How To Check Company's USDOT Number?

Are you a truck driver, an owner of a moving company in the United States, or a consumer that is doing research? If so, you may have heard about the US DOT number. This number is important for truck drivers and business owners to know, as it is required for entering into interstate transportation. We will cover what a US DOT number is, how it's assigned, and why you need one to drive and transport goods across state lines.

A US DOT number is a unique identification number assigned by the US Department of Transportation (DOT) to companies that operate commercial vehicles. The business name and other required information must be displayed on both sides of the vehicle, along with the DOT number. According to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration under the US Department of Transportation, any company that operates commercial vehicles that haul cargo or transport passengers across states is required to obtain this number.

This covers any company that operates such forms of interstate commerce. During inspections, audits, and investigations, the businesses are also identified by its DOT number. Furthermore, they are also required to be registered with the FMCSA. Companies that transport sufficient quantities of hazardous materials, which require a safety permit, are also required to register and obtain the corresponding number.

What is the Purpose of USDOT Number

The USDOT number is used to identify commercial vehicle operators and to verify compliance with Department of Transportation-mandated safety standards. The number allows regulators to track a company's and its vehicles' safety records, monitor compliance with federal regulations, and impose sanctions when necessary. The USDOT number helps the transportation system run safely and smoothly by identifying and regulating commercial vehicle operators, and it protects the public during travel.

The FMCSA uses Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement Categories (BASICs) to evaluate a company's safety performance. The USDOT number is also used for data gathering and research to help improve productivity and safety in the transportation sector. Regulators can pinpoint areas for improvement and develop strategies to reduce accidents and fatalities on the nation's highways by gathering and analyzing data on the safety performance of commercial vehicle operators. By providing important information to legislators and the public, the data gathered through the USDOT number also helps in forming transportation policy and planning. USDOT numbers must be updated every two years, even if the company's information remains unchanged.

How to Check a USDOT Number

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration's (FMCSA) SAFER (Safety and Fitness Electronic Records) System is a database that stores information on commercial vehicle operators, including their USDOT numbers. The public can access a carrier's safety information and USDOT number status via the SAFER system. On the SAFER website, you can search for a business's USDOT number by entering the company name, USDOT number, or other identifying details.

Use the FMCSA’s SAFER website to check if the company has an active USDOT number. Search the company by name or DOT number, and make sure its status is "Authorized for Hire" and not revoked or inactive.

The SMS (Safety Measurement System) website is another FMCSA-maintained database that houses information on the safety performance of commercial vehicle owners. On the SMS website, you can search for a business's USDOT number by providing the company name, USDOT number, or other identifying details.

If none of the methods mentioned above helped you locate a company's USDOT number, you can call the FMCSA at 1-800-832-5660 to provide them with the name and other identifying details of the business. They will be able to provide you with the USDOT registration for the business, as well as other relevant information.

Many customers don’t realize that if a DOT number is expired, the company may not be allowed to operate legally. When checking a USDOT number, make sure the status is listed as “Active,” and the last MCS-150 update was within the past two years. Outdated records can lead to a suspension of the company’s operating authority.

States that Require a US DOT Number

Take note that not all states require logistics companies to obtain a US DOT number. However, it should also be noted that the majority of the states in the US require such companies to register with the FMCSA and obtain the said number. Some states, like California, have their own DOT numbers for intrastate commerce. Most of the time, you need this number before registering commercial vehicles.

Regulations vary widely across states. For example, California assigns a unique CA number for intrastate operations. This number is managed by the California Highway Patrol and requires a separate application.

Texas requires a Texas DOT number even for intrastate carriers and strictly enforces Unified Carrier Registration (UCR).

New York requires the NYHUT (Highway Use Tax) permit for vehicles over 18,000 pounds that operate on state highways. This adds another layer of compliance. Due to these differences, companies must adapt their applications to comply with each state’s specific process and safety regulations.

The following are the states that require companies to register with the FMCSA and fulfill all its prerequisites, including obtaining a DOT number:
Alabama, Colorado, Arizona, Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Indiana, Maine, Kentucky, Michigan, Maryland, Missouri, Minnesota, New York, Montana, Ohio, Nebraska, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, Tennessee, South Carolina, Utah, Texas, Washington, Wyoming, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

Families often confuse a state license with a USDOT number, especially for moves within the same state. If you're moving to another state, a USDOT number is the only way to confirm the company meets federal safety and insurance rules. Ask the mover if they have a state license (if needed) and a valid USDOT number.

Interstate vs. Intrastate Clarification

Guidelines and Requirements

According to federal regulations, each company is responsible for both complying with and understanding the requirements imposed by each state. Take note that regulations and application requirements vary from one state to another. This means that each company should take every effort to understand the regulations imposed by each state where they operate their business. This includes certain states that commercial vehicles only need to pass through.

In New York, the term “carrier” refers to both individuals and companies. Carriers either run their logistics operations in the state or pass through it. Each carrier must have this number to apply for a permit in the area where they operate.

In the state of New York, individuals or businesses that operate a truck with at least a 10,001-pound gross vehicle weight rating are required to obtain a US DOT number. These include trucks with or without a trailer.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Companies that break the rules for holding a US DOT number can face serious penalties. Penalties can include fines, suspension, or even loss of operating authority, depending on how serious the violation is. Businesses that do not acquire or display a DOT number, for instance, may be subject to fines of up to $1,000 per day per violation. In comparison, those that provide inaccurate or misleading data on their DOT registration may be subject to fines of up to $10,000 per violation. The operating authority of a company can be suspended or revoked by the DOT, effectively driving it out of business.

Companies that violate DOT regulations may also be subject to criminal penalties in addition to these civil ones, especially if their actions endanger the public. For instance, a business may face criminal charges if it is discovered that it operated a vehicle in violation of DOT regulations, resulting in a severe accident. Fining, incarceration, and other punishments are examples of possible criminal penalties.

Roadside inspections often uncover expired medical certificates or unreported vehicle maintenance issues. If the MCS-150 is not updated every two years, the USDOT number can be deactivated and the vehicle may be impounded. In Texas, commercial vehicles operating without current USDOT registration during inspections can face out-of-service orders and fines over $2,000. These violations are recorded in the FMCSA’s Safety Measurement System, which can affect a carrier’s reputation and insurance costs.

What Businesses Need a US DOT Number

A US DOT number is required for businesses that use commercial vehicles in trade between states. The movement of goods or people between two or more states, or a foreign nation, is referred to as interstate commerce. This includes vehicles used to move hazardous materials, independent of the distance traveled, as well as trucks and buses that transport goods, materials, or equipment for hire.

Depending on the state in which they operate, intrastate carriers may also be required to acquire a US DOT number in addition to companies involved in interstate commerce. If their vehicles satisfy specific weight or size requirements or are used for specific purposes, such as transporting hazardous materials, some states require intrastate carriers to acquire a US DOT number.

Application Process

The application process begins with completing Form MCS-150 (Motor Carrier Identification Report), which all new applicants must fill out to obtain a USDOT number. Businesses also need to determine if they require additional authority, such as an MC number, to transport regulated goods. You can submit the application online through the FMCSA’s Unified Registration System (URS).

A common mistake is submitting inconsistent or incomplete information, especially when vehicle use doesn’t match the declared cargo type. This often causes delays or disqualification from the New Entrant Safety Assurance Program. To increase their chances of success, applicants should review the FMCSA’s “New Entrant Program Checklist.” It explains the recordkeeping rules, inspection process, and what to expect during audits. Make sure your insurance and BOC-3 (Designation of Process Agent) forms are on file if they apply to your operation.

The next step is to complete the requirements for each state where the applicant intends to operate. Next, applicants are required to start with the New Entrant Safety Assurance Program. Then, applicants should secure a permanent USDOT registration. Finally, they are to maintain their US DOT number and operating authority information.

What Does USDOT Number Tell You

A commercial vehicle operator's USDOT number shows key details like the type of business, fleet size, insurance status, and compliance with federal regulations. Whether it is a carrier, broker, or freight forwarder, the USDOT number can be used to determine the type of company.

The USDOT number can also reveal fleet size details, such as the quantity of vehicles and drivers working for a business. Assessing the company's ability to meet particular transportation needs can be made easier with the assistance of this information.

Many people hire movers without checking what type of cargo their DOT registration includes. You can use the FMCSA's registration search to see if the mover is allowed to transport household goods. The registration should show “Household Goods” under “Carrier Operation” or “Cargo Carried.” If it doesn’t, the company may not be legally permitted to move your belongings across state lines.

Not every company registered with the DOT is allowed to move household goods. The FMCSA assigns different types of operating authority, and only carriers that list “Household Goods” under “Cargo Carried” are approved to move personal belongings. Always check that the company’s DOT record includes “Household Goods” authority. This confirms they are legally allowed to move your furniture and other belongings.

Many people mistakenly hire a broker instead of a carrier because they assume the DOT number belongs to the mover handling their items. A DOT number may belong to a broker, who then hires another company to handle the move. Only carriers actually move your belongings. Check if the company is a broker or a carrier. If it’s a broker, ask for the name and DOT number of the company that will actually move your belongings.

DOT Number vs MC Number: Which One Matters for You?

Many people think a USDOT number is all they need when hiring a moving company, but they often overlook the Motor Carrier (MC) number. The USDOT number tracks safety and compliance. The MC number gives movers legal authority to transport household goods across state lines.

If a company has a DOT number but no MC number, it may not be authorized to move your household belongings. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) assigns the MC number to movers who operate across state lines. Always check that the mover has both a valid USDOT number and an MC number before moving to a new state.

Red Flags to Look For When Checking a USDOT Number

Make sure the company’s USDOT number is valid before hiring them. You can check this on the FMCSA’s SAFER website by searching the company’s USDOT registration. The site shows the company’s safety record, operating license, and any past disciplinary actions. Confirming that the USDOT number is current and valid helps avoid legal or safety problems.

Consumers often miss warning signs in company listings that point to fake or “ghost” moving companies. One common scam involves using a stolen or fake DOT number. To protect yourself, visit the SAFER website and verify that the company’s name, phone number, and address match those listed on their website and official paperwork. If the details don’t match, the company may be fraudulent.

If any part of the company’s USDOT profile doesn’t match what they told you, such as the number of vehicles, the business name, or the cargo type, don’t assume it’s a typo. Call the FMCSA or ask the company to explain the mismatch. Reputable movers should be familiar with every detail of their profile.

The FMCSA's Safety Measurement System (SMS) website provides motor carriers access to safety performance statistics, such as their safety record and compliance history. This information will assist you in determining whether the carrier has a history of safety violations or accidents, as well as whether they have taken corrective action to address any issues that have arisen.

The SMS website calculates a safety grade for each carrier based on several measures, including unsafe driving, hours of service compliance, vehicle maintenance, and controlled substances/alcohol violations, using data from roadside inspections, accident reports, and other sources. You can learn more about the carrier's safety performance and risk profile by reviewing the safety rating, inspection findings, and other safety data.

The FMCSA mandates that all motor carriers maintain liability insurance coverage at the minimum levels. These insurance requirements are designed to make sure that carriers can cover any damages or injuries that could result from their activities. For hazardous material transport, the minimum insurance requirement can be as high as $5 million. Use FMCSA's database to compare the insurance policies of different carriers.

Insurance minimums depend on the type of cargo and the business model. For example, general freight carriers must have at least $750,000 in liability insurance. Those hauling hazardous materials may need up to $5 million. Passenger carriers must carry $5 million in coverage when transporting more than 15 passengers. Freight brokers, even though they don’t operate vehicles, must maintain a $75,000 surety bond or trust fund.

You may request a Certificate of Insurance (COI) to confirm its insurance coverage. The COI should include information about the sort of coverage, policy limits, and effective dates for the business's insurance policy. To ensure that the COI satisfies your unique insurance requirements, you should thoroughly review it.

Watch out for quotes that are much lower than the others you’ve received. Some scammers use a real USDOT number to appear legitimate and then hold your belongings hostage after pickup. If a deal seems too good to be true, check it against the national average or ask for a detailed breakdown.

The Role of FMCSA Ratings

Commercial motor carriers are assessed using a safety rating system by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) to determine their degree of compliance with federal safety regulations. Less than 5% of carriers have an "unsatisfactory" safety rating. Three ratings make up the FMCSA safety ranking system:

Satisfactory: A carrier with this safety grade has shown that it complies fully with all safety laws and has a good track record when it comes to safety performance.

Conditional: A company with a conditional safety rating has occasionally violated safety laws, but not to the extent that it would result in a poor rating. To handle the non-compliance issues while improving its safety performance, the carrier must take corrective action.

Note: A conditional rating means the company has had an issue, but it doesn’t mean they’re automatically unsafe. It does mean you should ask more questions. Has the company done anything to fix the violations? Can they show inspection records or a safety plan? If they avoid those questions, that’s a bigger red flag than the rating.

Unsatisfactory: A carrier with an unsatisfactory safety rating has a history of severe safety violations or has not addressed safety issues that have been previously discovered. Penalties for receiving a low rating include fines, the loss of operating authority, and other penalties.

Nearly 15% of commercial drivers had at least one crash in the past two years, according to the FMCSA. Carriers with an unsatisfactory safety rating are prohibited from operating until they address the safety issues and achieve a satisfactory rating. Customers should check a carrier’s safety rating when choosing a commercial vehicle operator.

Potential Risks, Financial Implications, or Legal Consequences

The US DOT (United States Department of Transportation) numbers and the related laws and regulations carry potential risks, financial implications, and legal consequences for businesses, truck drivers, and consumers in the transportation industry. Non-compliance with US DOT number requirements can result in severe penalties and legal ramifications.

Businesses that fail to obtain and display a valid US DOT number can face significant financial implications. Violations can result in substantial fines, which vary depending on the severity of the non-compliance. Additionally, non-compliant businesses may be subject to legal action, such as civil penalties or even criminal charges in cases of serious violations. These penalties can hurt both the financial stability and reputation of transportation companies. This may lead to lost contracts, damaged customer relationships, and ongoing financial trouble.

Truck drivers who do not comply with US DOT number regulations also face various risks and legal consequences. Operating without a valid US DOT number can result in citations, fines, and potentially the suspension or revocation of their commercial driver's license (CDL). This not only jeopardizes their ability to work in the industry but can also have long-term financial implications, as it can make it difficult to secure future employment as a professional driver.